Comparisons

💡TL;DR: Empyema = around the lung; lung abscess = inside the lung. Empyema usually needs drainage plus antibiotics; a lung abscess usually responds to antibiotics alone. CT is the best way to tell them apart; a classic study found CT correctly distinguished them in every case. Empyema carries higher short-term risk

💡TL;DR: Valley Fever can leave a small lung nodule (a scar) in about 5% of infections, and most are harmless and do not become cancer. In endemic areas, many nodules that look suspicious on scans prove to be Valley Fever scars; doctors balance watchful follow-up vs biopsy based on

💡TL;DR: Empyema is an infected pleural effusion (pus in the pleural space) that usually needs urgent drainage plus IV antibiotics, while a typical pleural effusion is extra fluid that is often not infected and is treated by fixing the cause and draining only if needed. Doctors look for loculations

💡TL;DR: Effusion = fluid; pneumothorax = air that can collapse a lung. Effusions are common in the U.S. (≈1.5 million cases yearly), while spontaneous pneumothorax is less common but often sudden. Imaging separates them quickly (fluid layering vs a clear rim of air), and treatment differs: effusion is drained

💡TL;DR: Pulmonary edema is fluid inside the lung’s air sacs; pleural effusion is fluid around the lungs in the pleural space. Edema tends to be sudden and is an emergency, treated in the hospital with oxygen and diuretics; effusions often build gradually and can be drained while the

💡TL;DR: Croup and whooping cough are different illnesses: croup is a short-lived viral infection of the upper airway that causes a barky, seal-like cough, while whooping cough (pertussis) is a long-lasting bacterial infection that causes violent coughing fits with a gasping "whoop". Croup usually affects children 6

💡TL;DR: For most adults who can use one, a mouthpiece delivers more medication to the lungs because less mist is lost on the face. A mask is the better pick for kids or anyone who can’t seal their lips—go with the option that gives a snug fit

💡TL;DR: A nebulizer delivers prescription medicine directly to your lungs as a fine mist, while a humidifier adds moisture to the room air. For dry-air discomfort or colds, a humidifier is usually enough; for asthma, COPD, or wheezing that needs medication, you need a nebulizer. Expect humidifiers to cost

💡TL;DR: You can buy a nebulizer device today without a prescription at most pharmacies and big-box retailers; prescription medicines like albuterol still require an Rx. Expect about $40–$100 for a standard home (compressor) unit in-store; portable mesh models are quieter and more travel-friendly, but are easier to find